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L7-08 · Reproducible quantum causal benchmarks

Design a comparison that separates prediction from causal recovery.

Level 7 icon Level 7 · Doctoral & postdoctoral
Objective. Design a comparison that separates prediction from causal recovery.
Before this lesson. L7-03, L7-05, L7-06
Hands-on lab. Confounding and intervention

Learn

A benchmark needs an explicit data generator or physical source, train and test splits, metrics, and resource limits. For causal tasks, reserve intervention tests that differ from training conditions. Predictive agreement on the original settings does not by itself measure intervention recovery.

Compare with strong classical models, simple physical baselines, and ablations. An ablation removes a selected feature to test its contribution. Match tuning budgets and prevent test-set feedback during model selection. Use several seeds or repeat experiments to quantify variation.

Record the exact circuit, device calibration, software version, shot allocation, and stopping rule. Save raw counts where permitted and enough metadata to reconstruct the analysis. Separate simulator results from hardware results. A simulation validates code and model calculations, not an advantage on a physical processor.

Practice

Solution

Remove intervention-setting labels or restrict the training operation set in the ablation. Test on a distinct informative preparation and measurement pair. Compare target error and uncertainty under equal resource budgets.

Check your understanding

Which split tests intervention recovery more directly?

Show the answer

B. Held-out informative intervention settings

New informative interventions test the claimed mechanism beyond the original observations. Reusing the same setting distribution can leave causal ambiguity unchanged.

Sources

This lesson draws on Huang et al., 2021Costa & Shrapnel, 2016Biamonte et al., 2017.

Next: L7-09 · A research protocol from question to result

References
  1. Huang, H.-Y., Broughton, M., Mohseni, M., Babbush, R., Boixo, S., Neven, H., & McClean, J. R. (2021). Power of data in quantum machine learning. Nature Communications, 12(1). 10.1038/s41467-021-22539-9
  2. Costa, F., & Shrapnel, S. (2016). Quantum causal modelling. New Journal of Physics, 18(6), 063032. 10.1088/1367-2630/18/6/063032
  3. Biamonte, J., Wittek, P., Pancotti, N., Rebentrost, P., Wiebe, N., & Lloyd, S. (2017). Quantum Machine Learning. Nature, 549(7671), 195–202. 10.1038/nature23474